The Oklahoma Board of Nursing - 847 Words

Comparison Paper The Oklahoma Board of Nursing (OBN) provides information to the public about the services of the Board of Nursing (OBN, n.d.). The purpose of the OBN is to â€Å"safeguard the public’s health by ensuring that licensed nurses are qualified and competent to practice† (OBN, n.d.). The public has access to the OBN to inquire on current licensed nurses, Nurse Practice Act, and guidelines about nursing care (OBN, n.d.). The American Nurses Association (ANA) is the â€Å"only full-service professional organization† that represents registered nurses’ interest through associations and partners (ANA, 2014). Their mission is â€Å"nurses advancing our profession to improve health for all† (ANA, 2014). They promote nursing practice by setting high standards, promoting nurses’ rights, leading a realistic outlook of nursing, and â€Å"by lobbying the Congress and regulatory agencies on health care issues affecting nurses and the publicâ €  (ANA, 2014). The National League for Nursing (NLN) is an organization for any nursing-related faculty offering â€Å"faculty development programs, networking opportunities, testing and assessment, nursing research grants, and public policy† (NLN, 2013). Their mission is to â€Å"promote excellence in nursing education to build a strong and diverse nursing workforce to advance the nations health† (NLN, 2013). Five objectives from the OBN include: Prescribe standards for educational programs preparing person for licensure or certification as Registered NursesShow MoreRelatedThe Scope Of Nursing Practice1573 Words   |  7 PagesMultistate Licensure The scope of nursing practice is regulated and outlined by the State Board of Nursing for each state. While every eligible student takes the same National Council Licensure Exam (NCLEX), minimum education requirements and eligibility may differ state to state (Potter, Perry, 2013). Since nurses must have a license for each state practiced in, this becomes complicated for those working near state borders, occupational nurses for companies operating in multiple states, and travelingRead MoreHealth Care Professionals Criminal Liability1529 Words   |  7 Pagescomplaints to the nursing board or to the state department of professional regulation. For example, when filing a complaint individuals must include first and last name of the nurse, license number (only if known), the address and general location, what and where it happened, and full description of the situation from the complaint’s own words (Maine Board of Nursing, n.d). Furthermore, the board of nursing prefer a writ ten letter rather than a completed for as it offers the board full descriptionRead MoreInterview With An Advanced Practice Nurse At Mercy Hospital956 Words   |  4 Pages30, 2015. I currently work with him in the Emergency Department in Ardmore. Personal History Devon Perry started is career in the medical field as an LPN, which he obtained between his junior and senior year of nursing school. He attended nursing school at the University of Central Oklahoma. Devo growing up around physicians and his own brother attending medical school aspired to be a doctor and was on track to do just that. However, his lifestyle and family situation kept him from doing so. ThisRead MoreThe Role Of Budgeting Within A Clinic Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pages Budgeting Within a Clinic Jimi Bryen Southwestern Oklahoma State University Introduction There are many healthcare facilities throughout Oklahoma that provide excellent patient care. Many of these facilities are in areas of greater population, but there are some fantastic facilities that are dedicated to smaller and rural areas of Oklahoma. One specific facility that is located in the heart of Oklahoma offers a clinic that is a combination of talented physician assistants who areRead MoreIssues And Trends Of The Nurse Practitioner1747 Words   |  7 Pagesof NPs depends on practicing evidence-based care with competency in assessment, diagnosing, managing patients, and maintaining a caring practice. The nursing component of the NP role continues to be challenged from within nursing, as well as by large national physician organizations. NPs are extensions of nursing practice who are guided by nursing theory. The transformation from nurse to the advanced practice role of NP involves development of advanced knowledge and skills for listening, knowingRead MoreThe Health C are Reform Act811 Words   |  4 Pagesprimary and preventative services and treatment. This significant increase in health care consumers, as well as other health related trends, will have a major effect on the health care system, nurses, and nurse regulators (National Council of State Board of Nursing pg. 26) The ACA is a combination of two bills passed by Congress in 2010: the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (H.R. 3590) and the Health Care Education Reconciliation Act 2010 (H.R. 4872). When President Obama signed these two billsRead MoreNursing as a Profession Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Nursing as a Profession Lisa Renfrow Oklahoma Wesleyan University Nursing as a Profession The question of whether the practice of nursing is considered a profession or an occupation is an ongoing debate, much like the ongoing debate over what defines a profession. Several scholars have outlined criteria for considering an occupation to be a profession. Given a list of scholars and their criteria for what characteristics define a profession, I have chosen the listRead MorePediatric Nursing : A Pediatric Nurse Is Someone Who Works With Many Patients Of All Ages1425 Words   |  6 Pagesquickly and correctly. Pediatric nursing did not develop as a specialty in the United States until the nineteenth century (â€Å"The History of Pediatric Nursing†). Before the development took place many children did not have the proper healthcare. If you were wealthy you were able to travel for the appropriate care. If you were not, you were cared for at home. In the 1800’s the study of pediatric nursing was developed by Abraham Jacobi. Over the years pediatric nursing has increased. We now have moreRead MoreNursing: The American Nursing Association and the Oklahoma Borad of Nursing586 Words   |  2 PagesThere are three major organizations in nursing that have made great impacts on the way nurses guide and represent their profession. One of the organizations is the American Nurses Association (ANA) whose mission statement is â€Å"nurses advancing our profession to improve health for all† and their philosophy is committed to ensure that there are an adequate supply of â€Å"high-skilled and well-educated nurses is available† (ANA, 2014). The ANA helps to advance the nursing profession through fostering high standardsRead MoreSmartphones And Its Effects On Health Care1390 Words   |  6 Pagesreported. In one reported incident, nurses in an emergency department took cell phone photos of a dying man who had been the victim of violent trauma and posted the photos on Facebook (The Journal of Nursing, 2010). Dr. Carole McKenzie, Profe ssor and Chair of the Division of Nursing at Northwestern Oklahoma State University finds that nurses who are avid users of social media in other aspects of their lives have a hard time grasping privacy issues in the healthcare setting (Stokowski, 2011). Patient

Essay about Merchant of Venice Film Analysis - 2451 Words

English 101-210 Final Draft Battle of the Directors The Merchant of Venice, also known as â€Å"The Jew of Venice† is a drama play originally written by William Shakespeare in 1598. The major conflict occurs when a man named Antonio (Venetian merchant) fails to pay off a loan to a greedy Jewish money loaner known as Shylock who demands a pound of flesh from Antonio in return. Antonio and his friends take a journey through friendship, love, and hatred in an attempt to free him of his pound of flesh fate induced by Shylock. Imagine yourself sitting in the master minds of directors Michael Radford and John Sichel while they are directing their adaptations of the play. Imagine experiencing their unique ideas first hand looking through their†¦show more content†¦By having the prince travel alone it appears that he has more to offer in the sense of bravery and boldness to Portia compared to when he comes with his friends. The viewers could see that Sichel uses the prince seeking for love in solit ude as a symbol of nobility and heroicness to support the character’s personality. The audience watching Radford’s interpretation may give them the opinion that his choice lowers the prince’s independence by bringing in unnecessary characters. This choice does not present the characters very well when compared to Sichel’s. Analyzing the same scene above but in a different perspective it is apparent to the viewer that in Sichels’s film the setup of the caskets can be seen as symbolic to the prince’s actions. The prince is standing behind the triangle shaped display of caskets and asks Portia how he will know if he chooses the right one, after her response he says, â€Å"some God direct my judgment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  while looking up at the ceiling (26:42 – 26:45)( YouTube - The Merchant of Venice (1973). Part 4 of 14.†). The shape of a triangle stands for many beliefs according to many ancient beliefs. This shape is associated with the number 3 for there are three caskets to choose from. Each corner is said to symbolize â€Å"The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit†; while this shape is said to represent God the prince of Moscow looks up towards the ceiling asShow MoreRelatedMerchant Of Venice Film Analysis1309 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie adaptation of The Merchan t of Venice, directed by Michael Radford in 2004, is the first full-length sound film in English, of Shakespeares play. Radford’s adaptation helps the modern day moviegoer understand the complexity of the plays sensitive and controversial topics. There are a litany of differences between the two. However, the storyline and themes remain closely in line with one another. The film differs from the play in some chronological instances. For example, the play has LorenzoRead MoreAnalysis Of Film Production Of The Merchant Of Venice1249 Words   |  5 PagesFilm Review Michael Radford s 2004 film production of The Merchant of Venice provides a well-executed and generally faithful rendition of Shakespeare s play. Radford s production especially succeeds in both its casting and set design that elevates the mood and drama contained in Shakespeare s text. In addition to the filming, particular attention was taken to following the original text, but some interesting in liberties in plot details were taken. Radford’s production serves as an exemplarRead MoreAntonio and Bassanio1173 Words   |  5 Pagesfactors that contribute to answering the question. In the preformed version of Michael Radford Merchant of Venice there is a strong depiction of homosexuality, which is his own analysis of their relationship. This could alter the audience’s view on the play, as this theme is noticeable and quite obvious. There are various themes that go on from beginning to end of the play one of which is the law in Venice. This scene shows how anxious Bassanio is about Antonio losing his pound of flesh to shylockRead MoreSatire : The Fundamental Function Of Satire1644 Words   |  7 Pageslaughing at the misfortune of others, who we perceive as being inferior to us in some way or who we view as being set in their ways and incapable of changing their circumstances. [3] World famous Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud and founder of psycho-analysis published a book entitled ‘Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious’ which deals with the perennial themes of comedy and laughter. He analyses three laughter situations: der Witz (translated as â€Å"joking†), â€Å"the comic† and â€Å"humour†. Firstly, derRead MoreThe Dangers Of Blaxploitation Films Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dangers of Blaxploitation Films Blaxploitation movies in American society were at an all time high in the 1970’s. They gained popularity during and after the civil rights movement due to the influence African Americans were having on society. The movie Coffy, directed by Jack Hill and release in 1973, is a great example of how Blaxploitation movies reinforced the stereotypes that already exist about black men and women. Young African American filmmakers, made lots of these types of movies inRead MoreThe Crucible by Arthur Miller993 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout this past semester, we have covered a lot of plays and their films that correspond within those plays. While I have learned a lot along the way I have found that there are certain plays that stuck out. Merchant of Venice, Hamlet, and The Importance of Being Earnest were among some of these plays from this semester. However, one of my personal favorites is The Crucible. I was able to uncover many themes from this play such as secret sin, lies and de ceit, and religion. The Crucible stoodRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Film Hamlets Antic Disposition Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Hamlet s antic disposition In the film†Hamlets antic disposition† the author Alexander W Crawford, describe hamlet as mad, but a close reveal of the play shows that Hamlet is straightforward and sane. His actions and thoughts are a logical response to the situation in which he finds himself. However, he assumes antic-disposition to undercover the truth of his father s death. After the Ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius has murdered his father, Hamlet begins to plan his next steps.Read MoreEssay on The British Avant-Garde: A Philosophical Analysis3201 Words   |  13 PagesThe British Avant-Garde: A Philosophical Analysis ABSTRACT: British Avant-Garde art, poses a challenge to traditional aesthetic analysis. This paper will argue that such art is best understood in terms of Wittgenstein ¡Ã‚ ¦s concept of seeing-as, and will point out that the artists often use this concept in describing their work. This is significant in that if we are to understand art in terms of cultural practice, then we must actually look at the practice. We will discuss initiatives such as theRead MoreThe Theme Of Homo Eroticism Within The Play As You Like It And How It Differs From Various Other3688 Words   |  15 Pages Within this analysis, I will inquire into the theme of homo-eroticism within the play As You Like It and how it differs from various other plays written by Shakespeare and elaborate on how ground-breaking this play was during the time it was written and when it was performed, the differences in social constructs between then and now the differing views of society in the time it was written and the present day. As You Like Its first performance was in London in 1740, a time when popular literatureRead MoreProject Report on Nabil Bank6514 Words   |  27 PagesThe world of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Banco† is origin and evaluation of bank. The Banco means â€Å"Bench† So it can also be said that bank is to stay in chair one place and do the money the business and  banking play significant role in the development of country, the bank of Venice that was established in 1158 AD was the first bank in the history of banking. The bank of Barcelona Spain, which was established in 1401 A.D., was the second bank of the world. The first center bank was the bank of England whit was established in

Julius Caesar Editorial Free Essays

On the day of March 15th, Rome lost an important civilian whose name was Julius Caesar. A group of conspirators lead by Cassius and Brutus planned Caesar’s killing for the good of Rome. They lead him into the capitol while Caesar was completely oblivious to what was going on. We will write a custom essay sample on Julius Caesar Editorial or any similar topic only for you Order Now The men were discussing if Caesar would bring back Publius Cimber when Caesar became king. Caesar refused since his decisions weren’t easy to sway. This and all the hate they had build before drew the men to stab Caesar to death. The first being Casca and lastly Brutus while Caesar said the famous word â€Å"Et tu, Brute?† before dying. The conspirators then bathed their arms in Caesar’s blood and ran through the streets of Rome celebrating their victory. But was this act victorious? Some people would disagree with the conspirators; they believe Caesar was a good and loyal man to Rome and that they failed him by killing him. They believe someone who was that great could not be forgotten easily or could have become the person the conspirators said he would. Which is why after his death there was a scandal in the streets. We can see this when plebeian said after Antony spoke greatly of Caesar â€Å"Marked ye his words? He would not take the crown. Therefore ’tis certain he was not ambitious. † Others believed that this ambition was dangerous; it would drive Caesar into a bad ruler, which was not in the interest of Rome. Therefore Brutus was better for the crown since he saved them from Caesar. Brutus said â€Å"not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. † Which people truly believed and hail Brutus for doing such honorable thing â€Å"Caesar’s better parts. Shall be crowned in Brutus! † What do I think? I believe Caesar’s death was unjust! No men should be penalized for something he will do. No one really this if these assumptions would have come true. So why pay the price when you have done something wrong? Caesar possessed more good things about himself than bad, and Rome should focus on the facts of the good things he has done instead of the possibility of â€Å"too much ambition†. I believe Brutus and the conspirators say that what they did was honorable and for the good of everyone when really it was to satisfy themselves. Caesar never offended one of them personally; they kept feeding themselves on negatives ideas of Caesar that drove them to his assassination. Caesar was a good man and even if he had many flaws he is human, and all humans have a right to live! Especially, all humans have a chance to live if they have not done anything wrong. Antony shared these ideas when he said â€Å"Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man†¦I thrice presented him a kingly crown, which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? Caesar should not have died like that and should have had a chance to prove them wrong. How to cite Julius Caesar Editorial, Papers

Grand Wines Organisation

Question: Discuss about the Grand Wines Organisation. Answer: Introduction The organisation- Grand Wines is a setup based in Sydney to supply different varieties of wine through deals and the delegates have opened up around 400 autonomous wine stores around the city. It represents a comprehensive network of conveyance of wines. Wireless technology in all functions of an organisation is becoming the need of the hour and is rapidly turning into the standard requirement for various tasks through numerous associations and organizations. Grand Wines requires a setup which is centered on the establishment of secure Wi-Fi administrations at various levels of supply chain management so as to bring about efficient delivery of products and get rid of hassles, delays and potholes due to manual handling of data(Walker, 2005). SWOT Analysis The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to the instalment of the wireless technology across various spheres if the organisation are as such: Strengths Extremely efficient fibre-optics innovation High-performing installation hardware enabling desired results Cutting down costs such as that of telephone and fax. Expand the deals and make clients satisfied about the service rendered to them. All business delegates can collaborate and work efficiently with all components of the system (Scotland, 2013). Weaknesses Wireless systems are more susceptible to assault by unapproved clients The company may endure impedance on the off chance that others in the same area additionally utilize Grand wines' wireless setup Continuous coverage may be troublesome, particularly in dark spots where no wireless signals can reach. Remote transmission is at times slower and less productive as compared to "wired" systems. In bigger remote systems the foundation system is more likely to be wired. On the off chance that eroded cable lines aren't supplanted and slowed down signals continue, clients may switch over to better alternatives(Scotland, 2013). Opportunities Execution of this proposed system will save time. Business agents can then garner supplementary information during some span of time and process it to the headquarters. Furthermore Sales delegates will have prior information about the delivery of stock(Scotland, 2013). Threats Wireless transmission are airborne in nature and this can lead to opening of the system to interlopers and infringements that can originate from any network. WLAN movement goes over radio waves which tangible things such as walls of an enclosure can't totally sustain(Scotland, 2013). Project Details Title: Grand Wines Wireless Technology Installation 2016 Project Manager: Ted Litman (litman.ted04@gmail.com) Duration of the project: 8 months tentative (November 2016-June 2017) Proposed Budget: Costs of setup $50000 Costs of Annual connection $9600 Maintenance costs $60000 Installation and User support $45000 Server Upgrades $2000 Wi-fi costs $166,600 Total annual costs $322,600 Acceptance criterion: The proposed plan will be accepted by Grand Wines for implementation if it is approved by the Board of Directors and also the financial budget be ratified by the head of finances(Jandebeur Cho, 2010). Factors achieved to determine success Sales achieved over $500,000 in the main year Increment in contracted deals to 30 by year 3 Total assets appreciation over $2,000,000 by year 3. Organized networking and operability Reduction in client congestion and time lag in deliveries(Jandebeur Cho, 2010). Project Objectives The objectives of the proposed system and its utilization in Grand Wines is to diminish time loss during the procedures of transferring information from sales delegates to the main delivery and supply office for the required shipment of the concerned goodwithin the stipulated time. This technology can be fruitful in terms of the influx of requests on the grounds of there being considerable dangerof losing data and work or odds of human follies in obsolete data entry methods. Conveyance speed, exactness of orders, accessible stock and client satisfaction are the fundamental goals and objectives of the project(Jandebeur Cho, 2010). Deliverables of the project Reduced costs of delivery and correspondence Reduction in manual work and increased efficiency Increased potential for an intense versatile workforce(Entrepreneur, 2004). Benefits to the organisation Grand Wines will be benefited in the following ways due to establishment of the technology in the company: Expanded portability and cooperation People who utilize the wireless technology in various stages of the work will have more spare time on their hands so as to focus on other objectives. Enhanced responsiveness This will ensure greater benefit to the client and increased satisfaction. the customers of Grand Wines will get quick responses and deliveries which will lead to greater trust and reliance on the organisation. Better access to data (Entrepreneur, 2004). The list of stakeholders for this project includes: Board of Directors Mr A Whitman, Chairman Mr K Zeist, Director Mr L Phillip, Director Mr T Hody, Chief technical Officer Mr U Kurt, Chief Financial Head Mr Y Cooper, Chief Communications Officer. Plan Purpose The plan for Grand Wines for the installation of Wireless technology for wireless data entry by the sales representatives was developed in lieu of the recent difficulties and hassles faced in the daily procedures for delivering goods to customers. This plan will be implemented so as to steer clear of all such impediments and ensure smooth functioning between various agents, representatives and departments under Grand Wines. The stakeholders in the plan have been mentioned above. The work and progress at all levels will be ratified by these individuals and all information will be communicated to them(Carson Newman Information Technology, 2014). Information to be shared The information in this proposal comprises mainly of the progress, expenses and delays in installation of the wireless services. The information as such will be: Number of individuals working on the project at any point of time Utilization of budget so as to ensure effective utilization of finances Time-lag in any of the objectives to be achieved Details of ongoing work in the company apart from the project so as to ensure that normal work is not hampered(Jackson, 2010). This information will be shared at the end of every second week of the project work. A meeting with the board will be arranged at the end of every second week. Besides the meetings, urgent information requiring immediate attention can be shared with the members via e-mails and telephonic calls. The communications should be held effectively so as to ensure smooth functioning of various departments involved in the installation and also to make sure that any loophole or hindrance in any aspect of the work is conveniently addressed and resolved(Carson Newman Information Technology, 2014). Change management In the event of any sudden or planned change in the plan of action, the following steps will be undertaken: The first step is to identify the reason for change and the area of work in which the change is required. Augment sense of urgency - motivate individuals to move, make aims and decisions genuine and pertinent. Enable activity Get rid of impediments, put to productive use the helpful criticism and support from people with experience and hence reach the desired goals (CISCO, 2015). Meeting agendas The agendas for each board meeting will be as such: Presenting and discussing the progress of each department in the project. Taking into consideration the views and opinions of the members and drafting a plan of action based on those. Reviewing client reactions and responses. Communicating with the subordinated dealing with the wireless data entry system and making note of any impediments experienced by them and taking into consideration the suggestions provided by them. Assigning tasks to the financial, marketing and technical team after reaching objectives at the end of each meeting(Queensland Government Chief Information Office, 2014). Conclusion On effective establishment and implementation of the wireless technology in data entering in the organisation of Grand Wines, the desired results will be obtained within a span of six months and the returns will increase in terms of the annual turnover. Although the initial costs will require some degree of investment, the cost-effectiveness of this plan is quite high and it will eventually lead to cutting down of costs(Scotland, 2013). References Carson Newman. (2014). Information technology strategic plan. Carson Newman Information Technology. Information Technology, 24. CISCO. (2015). 5 reasons to go wireless. Retrieved from www.cisco.com: https://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/solutions/small_business/resource_center/articles/work_from_anywhere/why_go_wireless/index.html5 reasons Richard Stone. (2004, July). 5 steps to setting up a wireless network. Retrieved from www.entrepreneur.com: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/71518 Jackson, W. (2010, April). 4 threats to wireless security. Retrieved from www.gcn.com: https://gcn.com/articles/2010/04/19/mobile-computing-security.aspx Jandebeur, J., Cho, J. (2010). SWOT Analysis of Near Field Communication Technology . https://www.aabri.com/NO2013Manuscripts/NO13069.pdf. Queensland Government Chief Information Office. (2014). Change Implementation Plan. Queensland: Queensland Government Chief Information Office. Scotland, R. (2013, january 28). Wireless for Small and Mid-Size Businesses: The Objectives, Limitations and Benefits. Retrieved from www.canadablog.cisco.com: https://canadablog.cisco.com/2013/01/28/wireless-for-small-and-mid-size-businesses-the-objectives-limitations-and-benefits/ Walker, A. (2005, December). The Practical Use of GIS Technology in Business. Retrieved from www.directionsmag.com: https://www.directionsmag.com/entry/the-actical-use-of-gis-technology-in-business/12328

An Online Degree Allows Students to Travel Essay Example

An Online Degree Allows Students to Travel Essay Example An Online Degree Allows Students to Travel Essay An Online Degree Allows Students to Travel Essay There always seems to be two groups of kids who leave high school – those who go on to college and those who take time off to travel. What those kids who travel understand is that there is precious little time to go off and explore the world with no responsibility other than to themselves. But those who do not want to delay their education for travel can now do both with the earning of an online degree. With the explosive growth of the Internet there has been an influx of services available online including educational possibilities for those who wish to pursue their degree without going the traditional route. Online degree programs allow access to a variety of courses through the computer offered by accredited and reputable colleges and universities. Students are able to logon to a secure location where they can complete their reading and other assignments – at their own convenience. Just as important, earning an online degree can be done from anywhere with a laptop. The student can be in the same town as the college or they can be in a different country. The flexibility offered by an online degree program is what really sets this modern program apart.

The communications media used in the educational system The WritePass Journal

The communications media used in the educational system 1. Executive Summary The communications media used in the educational system 1. Executive Summary2. Introduction  3. Communication3.1. One way communication and two way communication. 3.2. Verbal and non verbal 4. The means of communication in the educational system5. E-learning5.1. Blended-Learning5.2. Distance courses5.2.1 E-learning synchronous and asynchronous 5.2.1.1Synchronous5.2.1.2. Asynchronous5.3. Advantages and disadvantages of e-learning compared to traditional methods 5.3.1. Advantages5.3.1.1. Reducing the Impact on EnvironmentThere is no need of traveling; resulting in diminution of pollution reduces the use of papers thereby contributing to the environment 5.3.1.2. Quality education affordable5.3.1.3. Convenience and flexibility for the student 5.3.2. DisadvantagesAccording Remenyi (2005), the three major disadvantages related to the E-learning is the lack of interaction between student and teacher, the lack of interaction between students and the need for basic computer skills. 5.3.2.1. Lack of interaction between student and teacher 5.3.2.2. Lack of interaction between students5.3.2.3. Need for basic computer skills6. ConclusionRelated 1. Executive Summary This report examines the means of communication at universities. A brief definition of communication will be given initially, followed by a description of the means of communication currently used in universities. The report then focuses on e-learning, examining the method and the blended distance course. Within the distance course will examine the synchronous and asynchronous method. So those will be presented this vantage and disadvantage of e-learning compared to the traditional teaching method, being concluded that the e-learning is essential to the educational system and recommended the implementation of distance education at University of Westminster 2. Introduction The communications media used in the educational system has been suffering major changes in recent times. The traditional method has been complemented or even replaced many times by the current method where e-learning has been outstanding. E-learning can bring great benefits to the educational system, complementing or being another option for those who do not have the opportunity to attend the traditional method. The aim of this report is to examine the communication system used on the educational system is special on higher education, focusing on the e-learning method. Firstly, it will talk about the means of communication, secondly the traditional teaching method, third on the e-learning and finally will present the advantages and disadvantages of e-learning compared to traditional teaching methods.   3. Communication The definition of Communication is given by Collins English Dictionary (2009) as the exchange of information, ideas or feeling.† Communication can be classified and divided in different ways. According to Gallegher (2010), communication can be one-way or two way communication; verbal and non verbal, and also says that the communication can be inter or intra communication. 3.1. One way communication and two way communication. One way communication occurs when there is no feedback or interaction during the communication. Two way communication occurs when the recipient asks clarification and interacts with the sender 3.2. Verbal and non verbal The verbal communication occurs when there is the use of words and can be written or spoken. Examples of written communication are: newspapers, posters, advertisements, books, while some examples of spoken communication are: speeches, discussions, lectures and presentations. Non-verbal communication uses other means that is not through writing or speaking, such as facial expression and body language. 4. The means of communication in the educational system The means of communication used in the educational system has been through major transformations following the technological advancement. According to An evaluation of students, the traditional method of teaching in the UK and in most of the world is characterized by one-way transmission from the lecture to the student, which refers to the teacher-center model of teaching, where information is transmitted to the students through the knowledge of the teacher, without much questioning by the student. However, this method has been changed, and the aim of the educational system has been supporting the activities of students rather than simply convey information.   According to Gibbs (1995:1) student-centered method, encourages â€Å"learner activity rather than passivity; students experience on the course, outside the institution-and prior to the course, process and competence, rather than the content where key decisions about learning are made by the student through negotiation with the teacher . The growth of this new method of teaching has as a major factor, the implementation of e-learning by higher education institutions. 5. E-learning According to Clarke (2004), E-learning is a general term that covers different methods which have in common the use of Information and Technology of communication, and may be as a complement to a traditional course as well as an online course where teachers and students do not meet. The term e-learning is the result of a combination occurring between the educations with the help of technology. The e-learning added new meaning to apprenticeship and blew up the possibilities in disseminating of knowledge and information to students and, at a fast pace, opened up new horizons for the distribution and sharing of knowledge, making it also a form of democratization of knowledge for the layers of the population with access to new technologies, giving them the knowledge available, anytime and anywhere. With the development of web technology, the processes of interaction in real time became a reality, allowing to the student to have contact with knowledge, with the teacher and other students, through the media technological 5.1. Blended-Learning This is a new method that has been growing in popularity, which is based on e-learning as a complement to studies in the classroom. Clarke (2004:120), defines blended learning as the integration of e-learning approaches with more traditional methods†. As an example of this method we can mention the Blackboard used by universities. 5.2. Distance courses The training and continual updating of knowledge and skills of human resources are now a crucial element to achieve an effective and efficient performance. The application of information technology and communication to the area of training led to the creation of a new mode of apprenticeship: the distance course. According to Mealy and Loller (2000), Distance Education (DE) occurs when education is provided without the student and the institution being on the same physical location.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the distance course the student starts to having time to learn at their own pace, with the assistance of a tutor, without losing the ability to interact with other course participants. 5.2.1 E-learning synchronous and asynchronous 5.2.1.1Synchronous There are two distinct ways of teaching through distance learning: Synchronous and Asynchronous. Synchronous is when teacher / tutor and student / trainees are in lesson to the same time. Can be cited as an example of resources synchronous phone, chat, video conferencing and web conferencing. Through web conferencing, the teacher ministers the classes and students can hear the contents transmitted by the teacher. Thus, students may also ask questions and discussions. This is the model that most closely resembles the traditional teaching. The concept of classroom is extended to distance learning through the use of technology.† Mealy   and Loller (2000:20) 5.2.1.2. Asynchronous In asynchronous e-learning, teacher and students are not in class to the same time. According to Mealy and Loller (2000), the main feature of this method is that the student can participate in the study schedule that suits you. The teacher also is not limited to a specific schedule and can answer questions or participate in discussions at different times of the student. The big difference in asynchronous e-learning is that time is elastic giving greater flexibility to the students in their learning, research and study. 5.3. Advantages and disadvantages of e-learning compared to traditional methods 5.3.1. Advantages According to Remenyi (2005), the three main benefits of e-learning are: Reducing the impact on the environment, quality education affordable and Convenience and flexibility for the student 5.3.1.1. Reducing the Impact on Environment There is no need of traveling; resulting in diminution of pollution reduces the use of papers thereby contributing to the environment 5.3.1.2. Quality education affordable Through e-learning, great teachers can share their knowledge without physical barriers, political, or economic, thus reducing the cost of education making it more affordable, The student can study at a respected university, out of state or even country, e-learning takes the social and physical barriers by giving everyone the same level 5.3.1.3. Convenience and flexibility for the student The materials are more accessible, depending on the method, can be available 24 hours 7 days a week, with no need for change in lifestyle. The student has the opportunity to create a personalized pace. 5.3.2. Disadvantages According Remenyi (2005), the three major disadvantages related to the E-learning is the lack of interaction between student and teacher, the lack of interaction between students and the need for basic computer skills. 5.3.2.1. Lack of interaction between student and teacher The tutor has a higher difficulty in judging the level of acceptance, understanding and retention, since it is not possible an immediate response from the student. There is a need for a higher level of motivation and higher autonomy of learning than classroom training 5.3.2.2. Lack of interaction between students Depending on the method used e-learning, such as the course distance, because there is no participation in the classroom, there is no socialization among students, which can lead to negative outcomes such as lack of ability to work as a team. 5.3.2.3. Need for basic computer skills Need some experience in using computers and Internet usage, also some appetite for the use of technology 6. Conclusion With the increasingly widespread use of new information technologies and communication, it becomes essential the adoption of these in the teaching and apprenticeship. The process that performs this learning environment is called e-learning. In eLearning, flees to the traditional model of teaching, the learning process is student centered, which can build its self-education course, interacting with the available content according to their learning needs in a way flexible, how, when and wherever you want, being the teacher / trainer the catalyst developing this process. In eLearning, the papers the teacher / trainer and school / university are not being replaced. What changes is its function, no longer educational agents, to be partners in apprenticeship. Therefore personal contact is not unappreciated, but become more interesting.

Social disorganization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social disorganization - Essay Example Social disorganization contributes substantially to organized crime by working hand in hand with the aspect of the failure of certain social institutions that lead to the increase of crimes in general. Such include urban decay, general deterioration of the ecology found in inner cities and general failure of the society, as well as familial deterioration. In this regard, crime is affiliated with the level in which one is in the society that he or she lives. This is in relation to social stratification, which stands for divisions of humans in any society based on financial, ethnic, racial or charismatic background. As a result, organized crime is the outcome of blatant flouting of social rules by ignorant members of the society, as well as familial deterioration. This is due to the capabilities that crime gangs have in relation to replacing familial figures and creating a sense of belonging by being part of a crime gang with national syndication. In this light, organized crime is prom oted by the loss of social organization or failure of vital social structures such as family, making crime part f daily life for affected individuals thus; attempting to weed out the evil element in them an uphill task. In addition, failure of other organizations such as law enforcement, crucial for social wellbeing results in organized crime. This is concerning to demand goods and services that are contrary to social norms, beliefs and values, as well as flouting legislation. In addition, social disorganization creates thriving grounds for organized crime in the political front. This is in relation to the influence that organized crime holds on political spheres, and is thus, used to drive campaigns of a political nature in order to maintain power and control. This implies that politicians utilize social disorganization to remain in political power. Social disorganization interacts with the legal world to run crime syndicates, where this is done by conspiring to trade in goods and services that are illegal. Organized crime and social disorganization also interact in the most of unlikely ways concerning white-collar crimes and participation. In this case, those that participate in white-collar crimes such as computer fraud and insider trading participate in such activities following the specialized skills they have and lack of proper channel to exercise them (Matsueda, 2006). This shows failure of the social moral system meaning that leads to development of individuals with flexible morals, ethics, or the total lack of the two. This is due to broken family structures, social justice systems, and political corruption. In addition, white-collar organized crime falls under social disorganization in which case, individual criminality falls within interaction with social groups. This means that the crime rate of a group is determined by the level of organization either for or against crime. In this case, it refers to the goals and ambitions of a given group in crim e, as well as their motivation towards engaging in crime (Matsueda, 2006). Organized crime can be engaged in as a form of gaining recognition from peers by impressing them, although it is for a bigger goal than individual pleasure. Politically, breakdown of structures to the benefit of politicians in generating machinery that works in

Analysing the financial performace if the automotive industry in the Research Proposal

Analysing the financial performace if the automotive industry in the United states - Research Proposal Example However, between 1920 and 1930, there emerged three giant car producers in the United States. Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors. The American automotive industry quickly grew to be the largest in the world. A ranking it held until 1980 when it was overtaken by Japan. America regained the top position only to be passed by another Asian country, China, in 2008 (Goyal, Netessine and Randall, 2012). Currently the American automotive industry is diverse, hosting top car manufacturers from all over the world. The market is dominated by General Motors who, Toyota and Ford, who have a market, share of 18%, 14%, and 13.5% respectively. Other notable manufacturers include Chrysler with 12%, Nissan 9% and Honda 8percentage. Hyundai, Kia, Subaru and BMW also own a collective market share summing up to 15%. Manufacturers are attracted to America because it offers superior infrastructure and a conducive environment for the production of cars. The automotive industry provides direct employment to over 1.8 million Americans. Jobs indirectly linked to the automobile industry in the United States accumulate to 8 million (Goyal, Netessine, and Randall, 2012). The primary reason for me choosing this topic is that the motor industry in America currently plays a very significant role in quality transportation. Taking this account, it is clear to note the importance of the American Automotive industry to Americans and general car users in the rest of the world. The primary aim of this research is to shed light on the financial performance of the American automotive industry. This research will seek to uncover recent financial results of key car manufacturing companies in the United States. The study will also analyze and interpret relevant aspects of finance in the American automotive industry. This research will also aim to find the main reasons for improving or dropping financial results in the industry. The study will examine how companies have managed to cope with challenges

Nationalisation of Oil Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nationalisation of Oil Industry - Essay Example However, Argentina has been forced recently to reverse its earlier decision to privatize the company by nationalizing 51% of YPF (Minder 2012). This move has been met with a lot of fury from Spain and other major stakeholders who are strongly opposed to move if media reports are anything to go by. The nationalization has been termed a forced purchase. As a result, the Argentine government is required to pay for Rapsol shares. Tracy (2012) reported that the Argentine government made such a move because of Rapsol’s continued failure to invest in gas and oil production in the country, a scenario that has forced Argentina to over-rely on imports to keep up with its high internal demand. For instance, Tracy (2012) reveals that Argentina spent over $9.4 billion in 2011 to import energy from other countries. This was despite the fact that Argentina is considered one of the countries with the largest hydrocarbon reserves in the world. The privatization of YPF snatched away the control of the government over oil and gas usage in the country. It is important for the Argentine government to understand that nationalization of oil supplies in the country has both its advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of Nationalisation to Argentine Government Oil and gas are commodities that contribute massively to the development of the economy of Argentina. As such they are products that should never be in shortage especially now that they are on high demand almost throughout the year. The Argentine government needs to ensure that no shortage of gas and oil is experienced in the country for their economic importance and therefore needs to be in control of the supply of the commodities. One of the main advantages of the move by the Argentine government to nationalize YPF is that it will give the government power to control how gas and oil is utilized in the country. Privatization takes these powers away from the government as has been the case since the Argentine government p rivatized YPF by selling it to the Spanish company, Rapsol. As Tracy (2012) states, the privatization of this YPF gave Rapsol absolute control of how gas and oil are used in Argentina. However, since Rapsol has not been able to adequately invest in equipment to boost productivity as was expected, Argentina has had to depend on energy imports from other countries, this despite its massive potential to produce its own energy. Nationalizing the company will give the argentine government control over the country’s oil and gas resources thereby enabling the government to invest in the petroleum industry and hence reducing its dependency on oil imports. Secondly, nationalization of the company will be of great advantage to the Argentine government in the sense that it will enable the Argentine government to be able to invest heavily in its oil and gas reserves so as to increase the production of oil and gas in the country. Doing this will enable the country become energy sufficient and avoid or reduce its import of energy as noted by Porter (2001). This is based on the fact Argentina is one of the countries that experiencing high-energy demand in the country. However, just as Tracy (2012) pointed out, privatisation of YPF interferes with the sector that used to supply much of Argentina’s gas and oil. As earlier indicated, Argentina spent over $9.4 billion dollars in 2011 alone because of energy shortage in the country. However, a closer look at what caused this shortage points at the inefficiency of

Evolution of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)

Evolution of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)  ­Ã‚ ­EVOLUTION OF SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES: AN OVERVIEW , and Abstract — Substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) is the most captivating technology for easy integration onto planar substrates for millimeter wave components and systems for the next decade. This guide is synthesized on the substrate with arrays of metallic posts retaining the low loss advantage of conventional rectangular waveguides. In this paper, various evolving structures of SIW which had been implemented for various practical applications like filters, couplers, antennas etc are reviewed and some ongoing projects based on this technology are also presented. Index Terms —  Filters, couplers, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) INTRODUCTION Metallic waveguides are preferred over traditional transmission lines like coaxial cables wherein high losses are accounted, namely, copper losses and dielectric losses [1]. Metallic waveguides inherit the advantage of high power handling capability and high Q-factor [2]. In spite of its aforementioned advantages, it is not yet a very promising technology because of its bulky and non planar nature [3]. Slot like planar printed transmission lines are next to metallic waveguides used in microwave integrated circuits (MICs). These were planar in nature but not suitable at smaller frequencies due to its transmission losses [4].      To bridge the gap, SIW is introduced, a very promising waveguide structure which maintains the advantages of a rectangular waveguide, such as high Q-factor and high power handling capability in planar form [5-7]. Basically in SIW, two parallel metallic layers of substrate are connected via metallic posts introducing structure similar to common metallic waveguides. Generically, the substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) are known as substrate integrated circuits (SICs) [8]. SIW is the most popular topology among others family members of SICs because the design techniques of rectangular waveguide can be applied directly to this topology. The SIW technology has been implemented with millimeter and microwave components as it is suitable for high frequency range because of its accounted leakage losses at low frequency. They can be directly connected to planar circuits, namely, micro strip line and coplanar waveguides (CPW), allowing for easy integration of active circuits thus making it su itable for mass production . In this paper, evolutions of SIW structures are studied and different application of SIW technology are presented, and some ongoing projects are discussed later. EVOLUTION OF SIW STRUCTURE At millimeter wave frequency, electromagnetic coupling between building blocks of antenna makes designing a very critical issue. To provide great deal of flexibility for designing of components, concept of SICs is introduced. SIW, which are synthesized on planar substrate in which metallic posts are perforated in the embedded substrate using printed circuit board technology shown in fig.1. [9] Fig.1. Substrate Integrated Waveguide The steady and constant rise of wireless user has fuelled an increase in wireless applications. For the fulfillment of increasing day to day needs of communication, various evolving structures of SIW are proposed. Substrate integrated slab waveguide (SISW), a new variant in the SIW toolkit is hereby introduced [10]. The structure offers an increase in bandwidth by adding air holes into an SIW mainly for wideband microwave applications. Compared to rectangular waveguides, a size reduction of is achieved with SIW. Unfortunately, SIW are still large (compared to their micro strip counterparts) for various practical applications and hence substrate integrated folded waveguide (SIFW) is proposed [11]. In SIFW size reduction of (9) is achieved by using dual layer substrate but its losses are increased. Also there are half mode substrate integrated waveguides (HMSIW) [12] which increases the bandwidth and can also have a reduced size while maintaining the advantages of SIW. Recently after HMSIW, folded half wave substrate integrated waveguide (FHMSIW) is proposed but there are complexity issues which needs to be solved [13].For effective utilization of waveguide channel, hybrid SIW is proposed in which waveguide channel usage is maximized by routing a strip line inside the substrate [14]. Novel class of bandwidth enhancing structures are proposed, namely ridged substrate integrated waveguide (RSIW) [15] shown in Fig.3 and ridged substrate integrated slab waveguide (RSISW) [16].In former structure, side walls of top and bottom metal layers are connected by full height metallic posts and central row of partial heighted metallic posts are connected at their bottom by a metal strip. The latter structure is having the similar geometry of RSIW but additional air holes are included to further increase the bandwidth. Also there are unpopular structures like honeycomb substrate integrated waveguide (HCSIW) and folded corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (FCSIW). HCSIW cr eates partially low dielectric region by drilling air filled posts vertically [17] and FCSIW is used for back lobe suppression [18]. For two different modes of propagation, switchable substrate integrated waveguide (SSIW) (via the biasing of pin diode switch) is introduced [19]. Another variant of HMSIW is rotated HMSIW, to improve the manufacturing tolerances by enabling direct interaction with wave energy at central point which is not feasible for the structures discussed earlier[20]. Recently, Butterfly substrate integrated waveguide; another variant has been added to the SIW toolkit for better gain and low side lobe levels. [21]. Latest variant added to the SIW toolkit is empty SIW (ESIW). This structure eliminates the disadvantages of dielectric substrate by replacing it by novel empty substrate (air filled) while maintaining the advantage of complete integration in planar substrate [22]. Outlines of important configurations of SIW are shown in fig.2. [11], fig.3.[15] and fig.4 [21]. Fig.2. SIW Main Variants Fig.3.RSIW Structure Fig.4.Butterfly substrate integrated waveguide FUTURE TRENDS IN SIW SIW, a very promising technology has been implemented for many practical applications like SIW based shifters, oscillators, resonators, filters, power dividers, diplexers, mixer, antennas and many more [23-30]. Currently there were many ongoing projects in progress based on SIW technology. A very few have been mentioned here in this paper. Efficient synthesis and design of reconfigurable micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) based band pass filter (BPF) in SIW technology [31] is one of the ongoing projects. This project is focused on the development of novel microwave and millimeter wave fully reconfigurable BPF on SIW so that advantages of miniaturization, easy integration onto planar substrates, low losses, high power handling can be achieved. This project tries to combine the advantages of novel comb line SIW resonators with the enhanced characteristics of MEMS varactors to tune the response of coupled resonator filters. These filters are key components of emerging RF front ends for future telecommunication systems. SOSRAD-77GHz SIW system on substrates (SOS) radar front end is the other ongoing project based on SIW [32]. The aim of the project is to establish SIW technology as the leading high performance platform to encompass all available technologies within a common substrate at mm-wave frequencies. Some of the completed projects on SIW technology are stated; integrated focusing systems in SIW technology: full wave modeling and optimization [33] and Design and development of SIW based RF circuits and components using metamaterials in ku-band application [34]. REFERENCES [1] Dominic Deslandes, â€Å"Design considerations for tapered micro strip to substrate integrated waveguide transitions,† IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 46, no.5, pp.625-630, May 1998. [2] N. Ranjkesh and M. Shahabadi, †LOSS MECHANISMS IN SIW AND MSIW,† Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 4, 299–309, 2008. [3] Li Yan, Wei Hong Guang Hua, Jixin Chen, Ke Wu and Tie Jun Cui, â€Å"Simulation and Experiments on SIW Slot array antennas,† IEEE Microwave and wireless components letters, vol. 14, no. 9, September 2004. [4]  Futoshi Kuroki and Ryo-ji Tamarulow, â€Å"Low-loss and Low-cost solution for printed Transmission Lines at Millimeter-wavelengths by using Bilaterally Metal-loaded Tri-plate,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 2009. MTT’09, IEEE MTT-S International. [5]  Dominic Deslandes and Ke Wu, â€Å"Integrated Micro strip and rectangular waveguide in planar form,† IEEE Microwave and wireless components letters, vol. 11, no. 2, February 2001. [6]  Uchimura, H.; Takenoshita, T.; Fujii , M., â€Å"Development of the laminated waveguide,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, vol. 3. [7]  a, J.; Ando, M, â€Å"Single layer waveguide consisting of posts for plane TEM wave excitation in parallel plates,† IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, no.5, may 1998. [8] a Wu, Dominic Deslandes and Yves Cassivia, â€Å"The Substrate Integrated Circuits-A new concept for high-frequency electronics and optoelectronics,† 6th international conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, cable and Broadcasting Service, 2003, vol. 1. [9] M. Bozzi, L. Perregrini, K. Wu, and P. Arcioni, â€Å"Current and future research trends in substrate integrated waveguide technology,†Radioengineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 201–209, 2009. [10] Deslandes, D.; Bozzi, M.; Arcioni, P.; Kea Wu, â€Å"Substrate integrated slab waveguide (SISW) for wideband microwave applications,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003IEEE MTT-S International, vol. 2, pp. 1103-1106. [11] Nikolaos Grigoropoulos, Benito Sanz-Izquierdo and Paul R. Young. â€Å"Substrate Integrated Folded Waveguides (SIFW) and Filters,† IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components letters, vol.15, no. 12, December 2005. [12] W. Hong, B Liu, Y. Wang; Q. Lai, H. Tang, X. X. Yin. D. Dong, Y. Zhang, and K. Wu, â€Å"Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide: A new guided wave structure for microwave and millimeter wave applications,† in Proc. Joint 31st Int. conf. Infr. Millim. Waves, Sept. 18-22, 2006, pp. 219-219. [13] W. Wang, Yuan Jiang, W. J. Zou, R. J. Luo, X. Q. Lin, â€Å"A varactor-loaded tunable phase shifter based on folded half mode substrate integrated waveguides,† in Proc. International Symposium on Antenna, Propagation EM Theory(ISAPE)Oct. 22-26,2012 pp. 558-561. [14]  Suntives, A.;Abhari, R, Experimentalevaluationof ahybridsubstrate integrated waveguide, Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2008. AP-S 2008. IEEE, pp.1-4. [15]  Cuixia Li,;Wenquan Che;Russer, P.,Propogation and Band Broadening Effect of Planar Ridged Substrate-integrated Waveguide(RSIW), Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2008. ICMMT 2008.InternationalConference,vol. 2,pp.467-470. [16] M. Bozzi, S. A. Winkler, and K. Wu, â€Å"Broadband and compact ridge substrate integrated waveguides,† IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol.4, no. 11, pp. 1965–1973, 2010. [17] H. Ikeuchi, I. Ohta, M. Kishihara, and T. Kawai, â€Å"Honeycomb substrate integrated waveguide (HCSIW) and its application to design of SIW right-angle corner,† Proc. 42nd European Microwave Conf., pp. 112-115, Oct. 2012. [18] Daekeun Cho; Hai-young Lee,Folded Corrugated SIW(FCSIW) Slot Antenna for Backlobe Suppression, Antennas and wireless propagation Letters,IEEE, vol.2,2013. [19] R. F. Xu; B. S. Izquierdo; and P. R. Young, â€Å"Switchable substrate integrated waveguide,† IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 21,no.4, pp. 194–196, Apr. 2011. [20] Farrall, A..J. ; Young, P.R,Rotated Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide, Antennas and Propagation Conference(LPAC),2013, pp.514-517. [21] Mohtashami, Y. ; Rashed-Mohassel, J,A Butterfly Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna,IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 2014, vol. 62, pp.3384-3388. [22] A. Belenguer, H. Esteban, V.E. Boria,Novel Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide for High-Performance Microwave Integrated Circuits,IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, April 2014, vol. 62, pp. 832-839. [23] W. Che, E. Yung, and K. Wu, â€Å"Millimeter-wave ferrite phase shifter in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW),† in IEEE Int. AP-S Symp. Dig.,Jun. 2003, pp. 887–890. [24] Y. Cassivi and K. Wu, â€Å"Low cost microwave oscillator using substrate integrated waveguide,† IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 13,no. 2, pp. 48–50, Feb. 2003. [25] Y. Cassivi, L. Perregrini, K. Wu, and G. Conciauro, â€Å"Low-cost and high-Q millimeter-wave resonator using substrate integrated waveguide technique,† in Proc. Eur. Microw. Conf., Milan, Italy, Sep. 2002, pp. 1–4. [26] D. Deslandes and K. Wu, â€Å"Millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguide filters,† in Proc. IEEE Elect. Comput. Eng. Conf., May 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1917–1920. [27] S. Germain, D. Deslandes, and K. Wu, â€Å"Development of substrate integrated waveguide power dividers,† in Proc. IEEE Can. Conf. Elect.  Comput. Eng., May 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1921–1924. [28] Z. Hao, W. Hong, J. Chen, X. Chen, and K. Wu, â€Å"Planar diplexer for microwave integrated circuits,† Proc. IEEE Microw. Antennas Propagat. Conf., vol. 152, no. 6, pp. 455–459, Dec. 2005 [29] J. Xu and K. Wu A sub harmonic self-oscillating mixer using substrate integrated waveguide cavity for millimeter-wave application,IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., pp.2019 -1022 2005. [30] W. Hong, â€Å"Development of microwave antennas, components and subsystems based on SIW technology,† in Proc. IEEE Microw., Antenna, Propag. and Electromagn. Conf., Beijing, China, Aug. 8–12, 2005, pp.P-14–P-17 [31] Efficient synthesis and designs of reconfigurable microelectromechanical systems based band pass filter in substrate integrated waveguide technology , cordis .europa . eu / project / rcn / 704581_en.html. [32] SOSRAD-77 GHz substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) system on substrate (SOS) radar front-end, http://www.cttc.es/project/77-ghz-substrate-integrated-waveguide-siw system on substrate-sos-radar-front-end/. [33] Integrated focusing systems in substrate integrated waveguide technology: full wave modeling and optimization, http://www.esf-newfocus.org/achievements_projects.html. [34] Design and development of SIW based RF circuits and components using metamaterials in ku-band application, www.becs.ac.in/project-etc-submenu.

Crisis of Conscience Essays -- Literary Analysis, Joseph Heller

In Catch-22, Joseph Heller creates a surreal world of irrationality to illuminate madness and corruption. Through the satirical characterizations of the novel's leaders, Heller criticizes not just the institution of war but all forms of bureaucratic establishment. The authority figures in the novel are portrayed as selfish and deranged maniacs without any sense of morality, driven purely by their desires to expand their power and reputations. These leaders are able to skew reason to their benefits through their followers’ acceptance of conformity and conventions. The novel's protagonist, Yossarian, however, rejects the pressures of conformity and is unwilling to accept his leaders' illogical projections of truth and duty. By running away to rescue Nately's whore's sister, Yossarian is able to overcome the oppression of authority and find his own sense of purpose by deciding for himself what is right and pursuing it. This victory advances Heller’s commendation of standi ng up against the conventions of society and refusing to accept truth blindly. Joseph Heller’s novel makes use of humorous surrealism to illuminate corruption in society. Heller admits that in his novels, â€Å"the texture, the approach,† as opposed to the â€Å"basic story line, the sequence of action,† is what â€Å"makes them distinctive† (Rielly). Indeed, at its most basic level, the plot of Catch-22 is hardly surrealistic or unconventional at all; it is a reasonably historically accurate portrait of the end of the Second World War. The missions Yossarian flies, the deaths he witnesses, and the poverty he observes are all true to the setting. Many events in the book, such as the mission where Yossarian and his comrades are ordered to bomb a civilian city to create a roadbloc... ...on to be part of an "American traditions" of literary rebels who "escap[e]... in order to save [themselves] from absurdity, compromise, or dispair" (McDonald). Though Heller intended the moral ambiguity of escaping military service "to raise a question rather than answer one," Yossarian's final action ultimately represents a triumph of nonconformity (Rielly). He is able to see the fraudulence of the war and decides that a 'disobedient' life helping a lost girl is more worthy than a 'dutiful' one serving a corrupt general. Through this decision, Yossarian is able to find purpose and moral satisfaction in his own life. This personal victory celebrates the power of nonconformity. In boldly rejecting societal expectations to pursue the life one believes in, goodness can be pursued, evil can be challenged, and the truth strength and value of an individual can be found.